Estimation of wind penetration as limited by frequency deviation

Wind power fluctuations cause frequency deviation from the 60 Hz standard. Using the composite frequency response of a small system of thermal power plants, it is estimated that power fluctuation of 5% of the total thermal plant capacity can be tolerated without exceeding 1% frequency deviation. The technology to filter out the power fluctuations in the wind farms already exists to increase wind power penetration. But perfect filtering sacrifices as much as 27.6% of the wind power which otherwise can be acquired. The paper presents a method of quantifying wind penetration based on the amount of fluctuating power which can be filtered by the wind farms and the thermal plants. For optimal wind power acquisition, the penetration level is estimated to be 49%.