Power/Performance/Channel Length Tradeoffs in 1.6 to 9.6Gbps I/O Links in 90nm CMOS for Server, Desktop, and Mobile Applications

Performance and power of 1.6 to 9.6Gbps server, desktop, and mobile I/O links in a 1.2V 90nm CMOS test chip implementing equalized voltage-mode and current-mode drivers, TX and RX equalizers, self-biased ring oscillator and LC PLLs, and different RX clocking schemes are compared. The novel combination of voltage-mode driver (equalized or unequalized) and RX equalizer delivers the lowest power (12.1mW/Gbps at 7.2Gbps), offering a low-power option for short-distance links