Graphics displays for operator aid in telemanipulation

High-fidelity real-time computer graphics displays have been developed to provide operator aid in telemanipulation. The roles of graphics displays in teleoperation include task visualization, preview prior to actual execution, and predictive displays under communication time delay. A force-reflecting teleoperation simulation has been developed for operator training. A brief review is presented of preview and predictive displays, and a force-reflecting teleoperation trainer is described.<>