The evolution of featureless waveforms for LPI communications

Low probability of detection (LPD), low probability of intercept (LPI), and low probability of exploitation (LPE) RF communications offer capabilities that are not available with jam resistant communications. These capabilities, reasons for LPI communications development, and jam resistant versus LPI communications requirements are described. The ideal characteristics of a LPI communications waveform and methods for detecting LPI communications transmissions are listed to form the basis for the discussion of the development of three generations of LPI communications waveforms and their capabilities. Particular attention is given to the CS/sup 3/ waveform, which satisfies all the criteria for an ideal LPI communications waveform. The CS/sup 3/ waveform is implemented in prototype units which are able to be the basis of a complete LPI communications system. A typical LPI communications system configuration and a representative aircraft-to-aircraft communications application are described.<>