Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication Principles: Status, plans of action, further developments, and recommendations for power pools in Africa

Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication Principles

"Status, Plans of Action, Further Developments, and Recommendations for Power Pools in Africa"
by T. Hammons,
in the IEEE Transactions on Power Systems (21) May 2006

After careful and considered review of the content and authorship of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE's Publication Principles.

This paper is a near duplication of the original text from the papers cited below. The original text was copied without attribution and without permission.

Due to the nature of this violation, reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper, and future references should be made to the following articles:

"The Southern African Power Pool Formation: History and Future Challenges,"
by L. Musaba, P. Naidoo, and A. Chikova,
in the Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, June 2005

"The Central African Power Pool (CAPP), the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) and the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD),"
by B.K. Kalala,
in the Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, June 2005

"Technical Issues: Area Control Considerations in the WAPP and SAPP Areas,"
by W-J Lee,
in the Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, June 2005

"Hydropower and African Grid Development: A Rights Based Perspective"
by T. Hathaway and L. Pottinger,
in the Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, June 2005

"The Future of SAPP, WAPP, CAPP, and EAPP with INGA,"
by F.T. Sparrow, B.H. Bowen, and Z. Yu,
in the Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, June 2005

"African Power Pool Development: Accelerating the Technical Skills Factor,"
by B.K. Blyden,
in the Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, June 2005


This paper focuses on power pools in Africa: status, plans of action, further developments, and recommendations. First, the Southern African Power Pool (SAPP) formation, current status, and future challenges are addressed. Then the Central Africa Power Pool (CAPP), the economic community of Central African States (ECCAS), and the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) is examined. CAPP is a new sub-regional institution, created in Brazzaville in April 2003, under the auspices of ECCAS that is presently the focal point for discussions on regional power markets, particularly as the Ingar hydropower complex when developed could generate close to 40 GW. Security issues of power system interconnections in Africa are then reviewed. Also discussed is the current status and developments of the West Africa Power Pool (WAPP) and the East Africa Power Pool (EAPP). Also considered is Hydropower and African Grid Development in relation to a rights-based perspective. Finally, the future of SAPP, CAPP, WAPP, and EAPP is examined.