Proximity-coupled microstrip patch antenna miniaturization using new fractal geometry

For more antenna miniaturization, we present a novel fractal geometry that allows a decrease in the resonance frequency without occupying more space, while retaining a radiation pattern similar to that of a normal square patch. Also, to improve the inherently narrow bandwidth of the patch fractal antenna, a proximity-coupled feed is implemented. The performance is demonstrated by simulation based on a numerical analysis with the finite element method (FEM) and a practical application to personal communication services (PCS).