Non-local voltage signal for non-collinear magnetization

In this paper, the non-local voltage signal (NLVS) was used to study the angular dependence of spin signal. Py wires bridged by a Cu strip were fabricated using electron beam lithography and lift-off technique. NLVS measurements as a function of external magnetic field H applied parallel and perpendicular to the wire direction were then performed at room temperature. The major and minor loops when H is applied perpendicularly to the wire direction were also presented. It was observed as expected that NLVS is nearly constant when magnetization inside both Py wires is parallel each other. Also the dependence of NLVS on angle /spl Phi/ between magnetization of both Py wires is very well described by NLVS /spl sim/ cos/sup 2//spl Phi//2 in agreement with theoretical prediction.