Visual code widgets for marker-based interaction

We present a set of graphical user interface elements, called widgets, for 2 dimensional visual codes. The proposed widgets are suitable for printing on paper as well as showing on electronic displays. Visual code markers and their orientation parameters are recognizable by camera-equipped mobile devices in real time in the live camera image. The associated widgets are specifically designed for marker-based interaction. They define basic building blocks for creating applications that incorporate mobile devices as well as resources in the user's environment, such as paper documents, posters, and public electronic displays. In particular, we present visual code menus (vertical menus and pie menus), check boxes, radio buttons, sliders, dials, and free-form input widgets. We describe the associated interaction idioms and outline potential application areas.