A low-loss phase shifter in 180 nm CMOS for multiple-antenna receivers

A negative resistance approach decreases the loss of reflective-type passive phase shifters by as much as 5.9 dB over 2.27-2.45 GHz for use in multiple-antenna receivers. Conventional and low-loss prototypes each exhibit a phase-control range of -105/spl deg/ and consume 1.08 mm/sup 2/ in 180 nm CMOS.