A TD-MFIE for a vertically-polarized pulse propagation over irregular terrains

A time domain magnetic field integral equation (TD-MFIE) is developed and applied in the study of the propagation mechanisms of a vertically polarized electromagnetic pulse over an irregular ground. The atmosphere is assumed homogeneous and the conductivity of ground sufficiently small so to consider such ground a perfect magnetic conductor (PMC) for a vertical polarization. Furthermore, the terrain profile is assumed electrically smooth, such that back scattering is neglected and a forward scheme applied to obtain the surface magnetic currents of the equivalent problem, together with a marching-on-in-time (MOIT) technique to account for the time-varying characteristics.