Adaptive minimum symbol-error-rate CDMA linear multiuser detector for pulse-amplitude modulation

An adaptive minimum symbol error rate (MSER) linear multiuser detector (MUD) is proposed for direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) systems employing multilevel pulse-amplitude modulation (M-PAM) scheme. Based on kernel density estimation for approximating the symbol error rate (SER) from training data, a least mean squares (LMS) style stochastic gradient algorithm called the least SER (LSER) is developed for training linear MUDs. Computer simulation is used to investigate the performance of this LSER MUD.