Estimation of default probability by three-factor structural model

This paper develops a three-factor structural model for estimating probability of default. The model incorporates the stochastic asset value of a corporate, liability and risk-free interest rate with time-dependent model parameters. A corporate defaults when its leverage ratio increases above a predefined default-triggering level. Using average market data for corporates with different external credit ratings, the three-factor model is capable of producing the term structures of probability of default for rated corporates, that are broadly matched with the average default rates of the corresponding ratings reported by Standard & Poor's. The three-factor model can be applied to the estimation of probability of default under the internal ratings-based approach proposed in the New Basel Capital Accord.