Voltage-level-based Transmission and Distribution Cost Allocation Model Considering Reverse Power Flow

To address the challenges posed by reverse power flow from distributed photovoltaic (DG-PV) systems to grid cost allocation mechanisms, this study constructs an allowable revenue allocation mechanism across voltage levels under reverse power flow scenarios. By integrating factors such as fixed asset original value, net value, depreciation periods, and gridconnected electricity volumes, it clarifies changes in cost attribution among different voltage levels with and without reverse power flow. Employing provincial transmission and distribution asset data and electricity consumption datasets, the analysis reveals that reverse power flow significantly alters cost allocation pathways, thereby restructuring the allowable revenue structure across voltage levels. These findings provide theoretical support and quantitative evidence for optimizing transmission and distribution pricing mechanisms, cost verification by voltage level, and grid integration policies for distributed energy resources in the new power system.