Design and Performance Study of Waste Heat Recovery System for Wind Turbine Gearbox and Ice Removal System for Blades Based on Phase Change Energy Storage

To address the shutdown issues of wind turbines in high-altitude areas due to ice formation on the blades and low oil temperature in the gearbox, this paper designs a gearbox waste heat recovery and blade de-icing system based on phase change energy storage, and optimizes its performance through computer technology. Firstly, a multi-chamber composite phase change heat storage unit is constructed, and parametric modeling is completed using SolidWorks; Computer technology (such as Computational Fluid Dynamics CFD simulation is carried out based on ANSYS Fluent to verify that the array of storage balls can increase the heat exchange area by more than 30%; a heat exchange performance prediction model is established using BP neural network (with a prediction error of ≤ 5%), and the structural parameters are optimized using genetic algorithm, resulting in a 12% increase in heat exchange efficiency; an intelligent control strategy based on LSTM and reinforcement learning is developed to achieve dynamic matching of waste heat, flow rate, and storage state. Experimental verification shows that the system's waste heat recovery rate is 82%, and it can preheat the lubricating oil to above 15℃ within 5 minutes; the energy consumption for blade de-icing is reduced by 23% compared to traditional electric heating, providing an efficient solution for the stable operation of low-temperature wind farms.