IoT Based Smart Indoor Plant Health Monitoring System Using FreeRTOS on ESP32 Using Wi-Fi Communication

This research proposes the design and implementation of an Internet of Things (IoT)-based intelligent indoor plant health monitoring system using FreeRTOS on an ESP32 microcontroller with Wi-Fi connectivity. The intricacy of achieving real-time plant health metrics (e.g., soil moisture, temperature, humidity) concurrently, providing secure Wi-Fi communication, maximizing data transfer to cloud platforms (e.g., ThingSpeak), and controlling actuators (e.g., watering automation) with precise accuracy poses extreme real-time operational concerns that are inadequately served by non-RTOS solutions. Our solution eliminates the drawbacks with the use of FreeRTOS kernel objects such as queues and semaphores for task scheduling and synchronization. This strategic deployment guarantees prompt processing of data and system reactivity essential to utmost care of a plant, providing an evident strength compared to conventional non-RTOS embedded practices that lack deterministic responses and resource control under concurrent loads. Experimental outcomes validate strong concurrent task execution and flawless cloud upload of data, verifying the practical efficiency of FreeRTOS in building stable, efficient, and responsive IoT-enabled indoor plant monitoring systems on resource-limited embedded platforms.