Advanced Battery Optimization with Dynamic Node Selection Using EWR-LEACH

Conventional communication infrastructure is frequently destroyed by Natural disasters such as floods, landslides, and earthquakes frequently destroy conventional communication infrastructure. In such hard circumstances, uninterrupted service is essential for the coordination of rescue operations, the distribution of resources, and the preservation of life. However, the limited battery capacity of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) employed in these places frequently results in shorter network lives and hampered connectivity despite their significant need. Establishing energyefficient protocols that ensure secure data transfer and extended operation is required to tackle this challenge. Our proposed protocol, EWR-LEACH offers a novel approach to address the specified issue by introducing a modified wake-up radio protocol with dynamic leader node selection. The core idea is to reduce unnecessary energy consumption by allowing only the most energy-efficient node, the leader, to remain active in communication. In contrast, others remain in a low-power sleep mode. The leader is chosen based on real-time battery levels and rotated periodically to avoid premature energy depletion of any single node. The defined approach has been simulated in MATLAB, Android, and Web applications to ensure the idea works across different environments. Results of our simulations show that the proposed method guarantees consistent data delivery with the least delay, lowers communication costs, and dramatically improves network lifetime. It helps real-time monitoring, effective resource deployment, and better coordination during emergency response operations using constant and adaptive communication. Also, the paper emphasizes the need for energy-aware design in mission-critical wireless networks and offers ideas for developing resilient catastrophe communication systems.