Agricultural Monitoring and Automation Enabler Feedback-Based Desktop Remotely Controlled System

This research introduces an intelligent greenhouse feedback system specifically designed to address Egypt's growing agricultural challenges resulting from climate change. With UNICEF classifying Egypt among the most climate-vulnerable countries, significant shifts in weather patterns-such as intensified heatwaves, dust storms, Mediterranean coastal disturbances, and extreme climatic events-have been recorded over the past decades. These environmental fluctuations threaten the production of vital seasonal crops, including wheat, corn, tomatoes, mangoes, cucumbers, and lettuce. Notably, strategic crops like wheat and corn are highly sensitive to unexpected temperature variations, placing Egypt's food security at risk. To mitigate these threats, substantial investments have been directed toward establishing greenhouse infrastructures, despite their high costs. Consequently, this study proposes the development of an energy-efficient, automated feedback system aimed at enhancing greenhouse sustainability while reducing operational dependence on conventional irrigation technologies. The system integrates an Arduino microcontroller with various environmental sensors, notably the DHT11 for temperature and humidity measurement, and an LDR for light intensity detection. The feedback mechanism enables real-time environmental adjustments-such as activating humidifiers or evaporative cooling devices and regulating airflow through controlled ven-tilation-to maintain optimal internal conditions relative to external fluctuations. This adaptive control strategy not only promotes sustainable agricultural practices but also minimizes energy consumption and labor requirements.