Factor-Oriented Digital Model for Optimizing Biomass Supply Chains in the Circular Bioeconomy

This study investigates the influence of digital information technologies on the performance of biomass supply chains within the framework of circular bioeconomy development. A multifactor econometric model was constructed, integrating key logistical parameters – such as transport distance, biomass moisture content, and storage infrastructure availability – with digitalization indicators, including IoT deployment, satellite-based monitoring, mobile logistics solutions, and access to agri-digital platforms. To ensure robust measurement of digital maturity levels, a composite Digital Maturity Index (DigitalIndex) was developed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), enabling consistent aggregation of heterogeneous digital components. The empirical dataset comprises 120 agricultural enterprises from Ukraine, the Netherlands, Germany, and Lithuania, enabling comparative cross-national analysis. Regression modelling confirmed the statistical significance of digital drivers: coefficients of determination ranged from 0.68 (Ukraine) to 0.81 (Germany), with digital variables explaining between 42% and 59% of the observed variance in supply chain efficiency. Arc elasticity analysis revealed that a 10% increase in digital maturity corresponds to a 4.1-6.9% improvement in efficiency outcomes. The study’s scientific contribution lies in the formalization of a digital-factor assessment model for biomass logistics and the identification of key digital enablers to inform evidence-based policymaking for bioeconomy transformation in a transnational context.