Interoperable FIWARE Architecture for Smart Building Management and Real-Time Data Processing

The continuous evolution of Internet of Things solutions in digital ecosystems has led to the creation of new platforms and standards that address issues of interoperability, heterogeneity, and data sovereignty, while also encouraging collaboration among various actors. One area of interest is the smart city, i.e., efficient traffic infrastructure that saves both resources and citizens' time, as well as buildings that can adapt energetically or make residents' lives easier by utilising various data from the multitude of devices connected to the Internet. In this context, the architecture proposed in this paper uses the open-source FIWARE platform, recognised for its ability to integrate heterogeneous IoT devices through specialised agents and the NGSI-LD standard. Thus, unified and efficient data management is enabled. The architecture ensures real-time communication and provides tools for data analysis and visualisation, supporting decision-making processes and subsequent optimisations in various processes within smart buildings. Additionally, the proposed system can be expanded in a modular manner, with the potential for integration with other technologies, such as artificial intelligence-based modules, ensuring long-term adaptability in the context of the accelerated development of smart cities and common data spaces within new initiatives, including Gaia-X.