Research on Group Control Technology of Oil Well Dynamic Liquid Level Based on Distributed Model Predictive Control

To address the challenges of nonlinear dynamics, coupling constraints, and lack of coordination in single-well control strategies for rod-pumping systems in onshore oilfield production, this paper proposes a distributed model predictive control (DMPC) strategy to precisely regulate the dynamic liquid levels of oil well groups. By analyzing the formation mechanisms of dynamic liquid levels and the inter-well interactions, a dynamic liquid level model is established, with system constraints and optimization objectives clearly defined. A total power constraint mechanism is introduced, incorporating the total power constraint into the optimization objective using a Lagrange multiplier-based optimization method. The multiplier values are dynamically adjusted to ensure compliance with power constraints. This approach optimizes the control inputs of each pumping unit, enabling the dynamic liquid levels to approach their target values while maintaining the total power within a specified range. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively achieves precise dynamic liquid level control, optimizes energy efficiency, and enhances production efficiency and economic benefits.