Electromagnetic Compatibility of Low-Orbit Mega-Constellations and Terrestrial Radio Systems

A technique for analyzing the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of low-orbit mega-constellations (LOMC) with terrestrial radio systems is developed. The technique is based on estimating the power flux density (PFD) at the Earth's surface of radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation generated by satellites of mega-constellation. The initial data for the assessment of PFD are the system characteristics of mega-constellation: the height of orbital shells, the number of satellites in one shell, the capacity of space-to-Earth channels, the parameters of antennas of satellites, user earth stations (UES), and gateway earth stations (GES). The developed technique has been applied to analyze the EMC of a LOMC with radio relay communication links (RRL) that uses frequencies in the band 17.7-19.3 GHz on a secondary basis. It has been established that with an increase in the number of satellites and gateway earth stations in a LOMC, the probability of interference created by LOMCs to the functioning of RRL decreases due to the increasing of the elevation angle of satellites connecting with GES and the spatial selection of satellite radiation by RRL antennas. However, the increase in the number of deployed LOMC requires tightening the operating rules for each of them to ensure EMC with terrestrial radio systems.