Efficient Design of Metasurface with Independent Amplitude and Phase Modulation via Microwave Network Theory

Metasurfaces play a crucial role in wireless communications and radar stealth due to their ability to manipulate electromagnetic (EM) waves. However, achieving independent control of amplitude and phase remains challenging. To address this, we propose a physics-guided method to design the unit rapidly. By leveraging a multiport microwave model, this method enables efficient calculations of multistate EM responses with a single EM simulation, accelerating multifunctional unit design. In this work, we design a novel unit operating at 5.57–5.61 GHz with 1-bit amplitude and 2-bit phase modulation, demonstrating its adaptability for advanced RIS structures.