Comparison of Dynamic Performance in Real-Time Simulation Modeling Methods for Power Electronic Converters

To address the trade-off between computational accuracy and efficiency in real-time simulation of power electronic converters, this paper proposes an adaptive time-step hybrid simulation strategy that integrates switching-function modeling and the equivalent-resistance nodal voltage method. Focusing on a Buck converter, we compare the dynamic characteristics and computational efficiency of the two conventional methods. Results reveal that the switching-function approach exhibits superior accuracy in high-frequency transient processes, while the equivalent-resistance method achieves faster computation in low-frequency steady-state simulations. The proposed strategy innovatively incorporates a dynamic switching mechanism: backward Euler discretization is adopted during switching transients to enhance numerical stability, whereas the equivalent-resistance model is activated in steady states to reduce computational complexity. An adaptive time-step algorithm is further integrated to autonomously adjust step sizes, employing microsecond-level steps for transients and larger steps for steady states. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively resolves the accuracy-efficiency conflict in stiff-system simulations. Robustness across diverse operational scenarios is validated, offering a high-precision and resource-efficient solution for real-time simulations in smart grids and renewable energy systems. The study provides a methodological framework for optimizing large-scale power electronic system simulations with balanced computational demands.