An IoT-Based Smart Adaptive Highway Management System for Sound Pollution Reduction and Traffic Control

Sound pollution is a significant environmental issue in urban areas, predominantly caused by vehicular traffic. Excessive honking significantly contributes to elevated noise levels, adversely affecting residents' health and quality of life. To address this challenge, this study proposes and develops a smart adaptive system to mitigate sound pollution and manage traffic effectively using Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The proposed system integrates IoT devices, such as LM393 sound sensors, NodeMCU ESP8266, and communication modules, to monitor noise levels at key intersections. Real-time data from these sensors are processed and analyzed to identify instances of excessive honking. When noise levels exceed predefined thresholds, the system initiates corrective measures to mitigate sound pollution and enhance traffic flow. Traffic signals are dynamically controlled based on detected noise levels, with penalties imposed for repeated instances of excessive honking during red signal phases. These penalties include extending the red signal duration as a deterrent to discourage further honking. Additionally, the system provides visual feedback to drivers via LED indicators and LCD screens, indicating the current traffic signal state and countdown timers.