Configuring a Virtual Synchronous Generator Model for the PV-Rich Grid's Inertial Support

Keeping the grid's voltage and frequency stable is one of the biggest challenges in switching from generator-dominant power systems to inverter-dominant power systems. This research aims to solve the instability problem caused by the absence of mechanical inertia in inverter-based systems. Our research builds a VSG model that stabilizes the grid by mimicking the inertia and damping characteristics of a conventional synchronous generator. Here, a double-loop control system has been designed, and the inner and outer loops effectively control the voltage and current. A VSG has been designed using MATLAB Simulink, which incorporates a swing equation-based rotor model, Reactive Power-Voltage (Q- V), and Frequency-Active Power (f-P) controller algorithms. Finding indicates that VSG significantly improves frequency stability and grid performance compared to conventional inverters, especially under different load conditions. Simulation results also indicate that VSG can control frequency fluctuations with a faster response, which increases the reliability of the PV grid. Overall, it can be clarified that our research raises a comprehensive analysis and provides novel thoughts and ideas that will provide a solution to fill the critical gap in present research by mimicking the inertia and damping as in the conventional generator. Thus, enhancing the stability of the modern power system.