GreenBot: An IoT Based Tree Plantation Robot for Sustainable Smart Plantation with Real-Time Soil Analysis and App-Based Control

Trees play a vital role in maintaining ecological balance, supporting agriculture and combating the effects of climate change. They absorb carbon dioxide, produce oxygen, prevent soil erosion and improve soil quality. However, largescale tree plantation is often limited by time, labor shortages and inaccessibility to certain terrains. As climate change and deforestation continue to threaten natural ecosystems, there is an urgent need for faster and smarter afforestation methods. This paper presents GreenBot, a smart plantation robot designed to make tree planting easier, faster and more effective. GreenBot can dig holes, plant saplings and cover the soil. It is controlled using a mobile application, allowing users to operate it remotely. The robot also includes a sapling storage unit, enabling the planting of multiple trees in one session without the need for frequent reloading. Its mobility makes it ideal for planting trees in both accessible and hard-to-reach areas like hills, wetlands and abandoned lands. A key feature of GreenBot is its built-in soil testing system. With the help of an NPK sensor, the robot measures soil nutrients—Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium—as well as moisture content. This data is sent to an online platform, helping users make informed decisions about which tree species is most suitable for specific soil conditions. This approach improves sapling survival rates and ensures better growth. GreenBot can be a game changer for farmers, enabling them to establish large-scale plantations with reduced time, cost and manpower. It is also a powerful tool for reforesting areas affected by deforestation. By combining smart technology with environmental needs, GreenBot offers a sustainable and scalable solution to support global afforestation efforts and create a greener future.