Comprehensive Evaluation of Two Dimmable LED Lamps Across Multiple Dimming States: Electromagnetic Compatibility, Surge Immunity, and Photometric Performance

Smart dimmable LED lamps are increasingly used in residential and commercial applications, yet their behavior under varying dimming levels raises concerns regarding electromagnetic compatibility, surge immunity and compliance with evolving regulatory standards. This study investigates two commercially available dimmable smart LED lamps, assessing their performance across several dimming levels with respect to conducted and radiated emissions, harmonic current generation, surge resilience and photometric quality, including flicker behavior. The aim is to understand how dimming affects both electrical and visual performance and whether current testing practices reflect real-world usage. The evaluation revealed differences in design robustness and highlighted issues such as harmonic current non-compliance and surge susceptibility. These findings suggest Standards may need revision and manufacturers should better integrate EMC and immunity considerations.