Azimuth-Elevation 2D Angle Estimation Method with Electromagnetic Vortex

Compared with traditional plane electromagnetic (EM) waves, the EM vortex carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) enhance the degrees of freedom for radar detection. However, existing research has not adequately addressed efficient azimuth-elevation 2D angle estimation techniques based on EM vortex, and the key challenge lies in how to use fewer OAM modes to achieve 2D angle measurement. In this paper, an analytical solution of elevation measurement is proposed, and the 2D angle parameters extraction method is deduced based on three OAM modes through a single receiving channel. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through the simulations and experimental results.