Design of LoRa Wireless Sensor Network Node Path Planning Algorithm

This paper proposes an energy-balanced adaptive path planning algorithm for node routing optimization in LoRa-based wireless sensor networks. Leveraging the low-power characteristics of LoRa technology, the algorithm formulates a multi-objective optimization problem by integrating network topology and node energy consumption models, while simultaneously considering network lifetime, transmission latency, and reliability. The enhanced algorithm employs a fuzzy logic evaluation system to dynamically adjust routing strategies and incorporates an improved ant colony optimization method to determine optimal paths. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms conventional algorithms by achieving a 15% extension in network lifetime, reducing energy consumption by 21.3%, and maintaining robust data transmission reliability. The algorithm is particularly suitable for large-scale LoRa network deployments, showing significant advantages in application scenarios such as smart cities and environmental monitoring.