Robust μ- Optimal Control Synthesis for Modular Multi-Port DC-DC Converter

Owing to the intermittent characteristics of renewable energy sources (RESs) and the unpredictability of load demand, integrating multiple RESs and energy storage systems (ESSs) has become imperative. Modular Multi-port Converters (MMPC) have emerged as a viable solution to meet this need, offering superior performance, efficiency, and reliability compared to multiple SISO dc/dc converters. To this end, this paper presents a comprehensive model of an MMPC, which is bidirectional and capable of operating in both step-up and step-down modes. Following the derivation of the converter model, a robust ${\mu }-$ controller using the $D {-\mathcal {G}-\mathcal {K}} $ iterative procedure is designed. This controller addresses the cross-coupling challenges inherent in MIMO systems and effectively overcomes the parametric uncertainties associated with the converter. Finally, hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) test results derived from OPAL-RT 4610, and experimental results from a prototype are used to validate this control approach.