Pathways to Advanced Grids: A Multidisciplinary Analysis of Decarbonization Technologies

The global energy transition is undergoing profound transformations, accelerating the development of low-carbon technologies. Traditional power grids have inherent limitations in infrastructure, dispatch flexibility and low-carbon technologies integration, making them inadequate to meet the complex and uncertain demands associated with high renewable energy penetration. This paper systematically explores the development pathways for low-carbon technologies in power grids from interdisciplinary perspective. The discussion is structured in four core dimensions: electrical, digitalization, environment and economics. First, the current application and limitations of low-carbon technologies are summarized. Next, representative decarbonization projects from State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC) and China Southern Power Grid (CSG) are selected as case studies. Analyzing the technical approaches used in these projects, and assessing technological maturity across four dimensions to observe the strengths and weaknesses of these projects, then give recommendations for future development. In future studies, technological innovation in low-carbon power grids will evolve toward greater intelligence, integration and diversification, interdisciplinary collaboration across multiple fields is required.