Design and Implementation of an IoT-Integrated Smart Greenhouse with Real-Time Monitoring and Data Logging

Integration of IoT technology in agriculture has transformed traditional farming into an innovative and sustainable method with better optimization of resources to enhance production and energy consumption. This project aims to develop a household-based IoT-Enhanced Greenhouse Control System. It uses an ESP32 microcontroller integrated with temperature, humidity, soil moisture, and light intensity sensors to provide real-time monitoring of the environment using Looker Studio and Google Sheets. Fan actuators, a water pump, and similar devices will automatically operate based on signals that minimize resource consumption while maintaining optimal conditions. The design incorporates renewable energy through solar panels and a rechargeable battery, ensuring ecological and sustainable operation. Sensors log data to Google Sheets, displaying their readings on the LCD while having a web server interface for remote monitoring and control. A user-friendly interface, designed using Looker Studio, presents real-time and historical information in an actionable format, enabling users to make informed decisions. The experimental tests show that this system can operate under stable environmental conditions through ideal temperature, moisture, and lighting conditions while minimizing energy and water supply usage. It is completely dependent on sunlight and battery for operating power, and the design is intended for small-scale utilization. Future enhancements include the expansion of the sensor suite, integration of AI for predictive analytics using machine learning software, and the development of a mobile application for increased accessibility. The IoT-based Greenhouse Control System represents a sustainable and low-maintenance solution for modern agriculture, transforming household farming practices by promoting resource efficiency and environmental sustainability in line with the SDG and ESG.