LEO Satellite Orbital Nature Considerations for the System Scheme of Transmitarray Antennas in Ground User Terminal Applications

Thousands of satellites have been launched for commercial applications, which use multiple orbital planes with varying inclinations to ensure efficient global coverage. This multi-orbital design helps increase satellite density in low-latitude, densely populated regions, optimizing resource use. The system's orbital configuration affects the satellite tracking angles and scanning requirements for ground antennas. This paper considers ground antenna design for 1D tracking with 2D support along the orbits. A hypothetical adjustment in satellite spacing between adjacent orbits could reduce the scanning range, presenting additional challenges for antenna design. Careful design considerations, with respect to the orbital nature, can guide the development of antenna specifications capable of handling the required beam coverage and tracking capabilities. This paper presents the effectiveness of design consideration for the design of a transmit array antenna.