Understanding CMOS Architecture: A Deep Dive into Comparator Design

In this fast-moving field of Very Large Scale Integration technology, it becomes almost indispensable to create a model that will be robust, higher in operational speed, and lower power consumption. QCA with its unique approach as a transcendental solid-state computational paradigm, is substituting semiconductor materials as an alternative for traditional CMOS and VLSI technologies, specifically nanoscale. It provides a high switching frequency, enhanced scalability, and compact design. In digital logic design, a comparator is the component that compares two numbers, whereas the binary full adder is the basic building block of digital systems. It presents an optimized implementation of a reversible one-bit comparator together with an energy-efficient full adder, both of which are wire crossed free QCA designs. In comparison to the available design approaches, the proposed layouts show significant reductions on area and cell complexity, without losing the very low clock cycle. Quantum costs of the circuits are analyzed and compared, signaling that the developed designs are having lower quantum costs than conventional designs. The circuits also showed that they have lesser energy discharges, encouraging the possibility of reversible computing circuits in QCA nano-circuits. The proposed designs have been proved to be stable under thermal variations and checked for operational efficiency. Functionality and performance of such designs were also investigated using the QCA Designer tool by running various simulations. Thus, these designs would go a long way in improving QCA technology.