A Review of Trends in Cable Technology: Novel Materials, Recycling, and Rejuvenation

The transition to a more sustainable energy infrastructure necessitates innovations in cable materials and recycling technologies. Traditional materials like crosslinked polyethylene have limitations in recyclability and thermal resistance, prompting research into advanced polyolefin blends and copolymers. These novel materials offer improved electrical and thermal properties but present challenges in polymer compatibility and processing. Recycling cable plastics is further complicated by material heterogeneity, contamination, and the presence of thermoset components. Recent advances in mechanical and chemical separation techniques have improved the recovery and reuse of polymer fractions. Rejuvenation technologies, such as silicone injections, offer additional pathways to extend cable life and reduce waste. However, contamination from conductive particles like carbon black remains a critical barrier to reusing recycled materials for high-voltage insulation. This paper reviews current trends and solutions in cable technology, focusing on recyclability, material compatibility, and infrastructure refurbishment.