Efficient Cross-Shard Blockchain Atomic Submission Scheme Based on Pledge Transactions

To address the substantial coordination overhead and communication latency inherent in cross-shard transaction commits within contemporary multi-shard blockchain architectures, this paper presents an efficient cross-shard atomic commit scheme (PledgeACS), grounded in the use of pledge transactions. The proposed scheme introduces a pledge transaction mechanism that employs a null recipient address and synchronizes these transactions across shards to an auxiliary chain through a global consensus protocol. Additionally, a cross-shard transaction protocol is developed, securing recipient funds via pledge transactions within the global consensus framework. Furthermore, a batch pledge transaction record and settlement protocol tailored for shard blockchains is designed, followed by rigorous feasibility analysis and performance evaluation. Experimental results indicate that the proposed scheme markedly decreases the user-perceived latency in cross-shard transactions and enhances security relative to current solutions, providing an innovative approach for achieving high throughput and scalability in blockchain systems.