Mitigating Directed Energy Pulsed Load Effects Using Distributed Lithium-Ion Batteries and Load Control Models

This paper proposes a distributed load control and energy storage system (ESS) model to mitigate the resultant effects of pulsed power loads on generator sources within Naval power systems. The Naval Power and Energy Systems Technology Development Roadmap [1] has identified major drivers of requirements for the next 30 -year shipbuilding plan include increased demands from pulsed power loads such as advanced sensors (radar/sonar), weapons (solid state lasers, rail guns, electromagnetic launchers, high power microwaves), and C4I systems (command, control, communications, computers, and intelligence). Pulsed power loads, in particular directed energy loads, generate strong effects such as high amplitudes, ramp rate pulses, and stochastic behaviors that can affect other parts of Naval power system networks. These behaviors can be observed in the form of bus voltage or frequency collapse and generator speed decreases due to the increase current and power demand of these loads. Often, supplemental ESS in the form of batteries or capacitor banks are utilized to mitigate the transient power demands of pulsed power loads. However, constraints with size, weight, and power (SWaP), ESS safety, and reliable operation of the power system within these isolated platforms are issues that constrain their implementation. This paper presents a distributed ESS and load model for implementation within Naval power systems to mitigate these issues.