Impact of Shading on Photovoltaic System Performance: Review of the Mitigation Techniques

The demand for renewable energy sources (RES), particularly photovoltaic (PV) system is rapidly increasing due to their accessible nature, ease of installation and low installation and maintenance costs. However, shading on PV modules plays a crucial role in affecting system performance, causing energy losses, mismatch issues and the formation of hotspots. This paper aims to review the various effects of shading and present an overview of current mitigation techniques, existing challenges and future directions for minimizing shading impacts on PV systems. Studies indicate that solar cells with low breakdown-voltage improve energy yield by 20% when shaded and bifacial modules reduce losses due to the utilization of reflected radiation. By integrating research findings, this study identifies effective strategies to reduce shading losses and enhance PV system reliability supporting the development of sustainable with highperformance solar energy systems.