Enhancing Reliability of Multilevel ANPC Converters for V2G Applications Using Improved Carrier-Based PWM Technique

This study presents a modified carrier-based pulsewidth modulation (CBPWM) strategy for grid-connected fivelevel hybrid active neutral-point-clamped (5L-HANPC) converters tailored for vehicle-to-grid (V2G) applications. The proposed approach introduces an optimized switching sequence designed to mitigate flying capacitor (FC) current ripples without compromising output voltage quality. Unlike conventional methods, which suffer from significant current ripples, and ripple elimination techniques, which reduce the output voltage from five to three levels, the proposed method strategically integrates an enhanced switching scheme. This scheme minimizes current ripples during peak current intervals while reverting to conventional switching patterns during non-peak intervals within an operating cycle. A comprehensive analysis, including a comparative evaluation with conventional and ripple elimination methods, highlights the superiority of the proposed approach. The results demonstrate substantial ripple reduction while preserving the full five-level output voltage, ensuring enhanced reliability and efficiency for V2G systems.