Design and Implementation of Adaptive Regenerative Braking for Electric Two – Wheelers on Sloped Roads

This is perhaps one of the most significant reasons for keeping the efficiency of the vehicle at its best while recovering as much energy as possible in electric vehicles, especially in sloped territories. The potential energy captured by the EV (Electric Vehicle) when driving up hills can be somewhat recovered with regenerative braking at the point of descent to recharge the battery. However, low back levels of electromotive forces along with low speeds while ascending the hilly roads render descension problematic in regard to passengers' safety. Here it goes a modular regenerative braking circuit proposed for low-speed electronic scooters and bikes. New scheme that will enable high motoring to regenerative modes of switch without an auxiliary element without losing reliability or bringing it into a pocket-breaking area. The small-signal model of the braking circuit was created using the state-space averaging method, and then a current controller was designed to follow the braking current references. Downscaling laboratory setup: it had undertaken simulation and hardware testing. The system of developed battery energy management technique features both fuzzy logic and PID control for dynamic force balances resulting from mechanical and electrical braking. It searches for inputs such as a change in the state of charge, speed, and a certain braking strength that would impact its behavior, thereby ensuring that the effective adaptive braking control may be obtained from this. The conventional braking systems waste as much as 30% of energy as heat due to friction, and the proposed system minimizes such losses by optimizing energy recovery and safety. The suggested system attains an energy recovery efficiency of more than 90% in peak conditions and above 50% on average, which is a great improvement from conventional systems that only recover 30–40%. MATLAB/Simulink simulation, as well as experimental results, indicated substantial improvements regarding efficiency in energy recovery, cost-effectiveness, and braking performance, for which reason it can be a solid solution for modern EVs.