Design of a Modular System Upgrade Scheme Based on USB Flash Drive

This paper presents a design of a modular system upgrade scheme based on USB flash drive, focusing on on-site maintenance scenarios for industrial equipment. The solution achieves offline system upgrades using USB drives as the medium, triggering automatic upgrade processes by monitoring USB hotplug events through udev rules. It supports independent modular upgrades for U-Boot, the kernel, and the root filesystem. Core technologies include: using the dd command to write U-Boot and kernel images into partitioned storage, updating the root filesystem via compressed packages, and ensuring upgrade reliability through backup, MD5 checksum, and exception rollback mechanisms. This solution breaks through traditional network dependencies, simplifies manual operations, and improves industrial on-site maintenance efficiency, making it suitable for embedded devices with incomplete network coverage or requiring offline upgrades.