Evaluating the Effectiveness of an Integrated Single Identity Card System in Indonesia: A Step Towards Streamlined Identity Management

This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Single Identity Card System (SICS) implementation in increasing the efficiency and security of identity management in Indonesia. This study utilizes the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method that follows the Kitchenham framework, including formulation of research questions, searching development strategy in numerous digital databases, inclusion and exclusion criteria implementation, and quality assessment using predefined checklists. A total of 44 primary articles were selected through a structured search protocol. The findings reveal that countries such as Estonia and India have implemented a national identity system similar to SICS, reporting a 35% increase in administrative efficiency and a $\text{2 5 \% - 4 0 \%}$ reduction in data duplication through increased interoperability. Furthermore, the implementation significantly enhances identity security with the adoption of Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) and Artificial Intelligence-driven anomaly detection (AI-driven anomaly detection). However, challenges such as limited technology infrastructure, data privacy concerns, and obstacles to cross-institutional integration remain. To address the issues, this study recommends strengthening data protection regulations, encouraging inter-agency collaboration, and integrating advanced technologies, such as blockchain for tamper-proof identity verification. This research's main contribution is the development of a strategic and data-driven conceptual framework to guide the sustainable and effective implementation of SICS in Indonesia, supporting a secure, interoperable, and future-ready identity management system.