Optimal Placement and Sizing of Dynamic Capacitor Banks in the PLN Pasangkayu Distribution System Using the Water Flow Turbulence Algorithm

PLN ULP Pasangkayu's distribution system continues to experience voltage drops despite deploying conventional capacitor banks. This study proposes a dynamic capacitor bank optimization strategy to enhance voltage stability and reduce energy losses. The Turbulent Water Flow Optimization (TWFO) algorithm is employed to determine the optimal placement and sizing of capacitors. Simulations have been conducted in ETAP and MATLAB across four scenarios: Baseline (No Capacitor), Existing Capacitor Banks, TWFOOptimized Placement, and TWFO-Optimized Placement & Sizing (Dynamic Capacitors). The TWFO-optimized dynamic capacitor configuration eliminates voltage violations while minimizing losses, demonstrating superior performance over conventional methods, and then presented is a financial analysis for the application of this dynamic capacitor bank