Supply Chain Management in Yemeni Food Industry: Current Issues and Blockchain Technology as a Solution

Transparency, efficiency, and trust are critical yet severely lacking components in Yemen’s food supply chains, which are hindered by weak infrastructure, fragmented data, limited traceability, and widespread product fraud. Despite growing global interest in blockchain technology for supply chain management, its potential in fragile, conflict-affected contexts such as Yemen remains underexplored. This study addresses this gap by conceptually analyzing how blockchain can mitigate systemic inefficiencies in Yemen’s agricultural and food sector. Specifically, it examines blockchain's capabilities to enable real-time data sharing, strengthen traceability, automate regulatory compliance, and reduce fraud through tamper-proof records and smart contracts. The study also identifies significant contextual barriers to blockchain adoption, including technological underdevelopment, low digital literacy, legal ambiguity, and political instability. The findings provide a foundational framework for researchers, policymakers, and development stakeholders to evaluate and pilot blockchain-based interventions aimed at building transparent, resilient, and secure food supply chains in Yemen and similar fragile settings.