BAAIoV: A Blockchain-Based Authentication and Authorization Framework for Secure and Reliable Internet of Vehicles Communication

The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is an emerging area within intelligent transportation systems, enabling real-time communication among vehicles, infrastructure, and pedestrians. While this connectivity enhances traffic management and safety, it also introduces significant security challenges—particularly in authentication, authorization, and data integrity. To address these concerns, blockchain technology is explored to eliminate centralized points of failure and support secure, decentralized communication in IoV environments. A solution titled Blockchain-based Authentication and Authorization in IoV (BAAIoV) is proposed, utilizing smart contracts and a distributed ledger to manage vehicle identities and securely control access to network resources. A simulation environment was established using Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) for traffic modeling and Hyperledger Fabric for blockchain implementation. Python-based middleware facilitated real-time interaction between the simulation and the blockchain system. The results indicate that the BAAIoV model significantly reduces authentication delays, enhances emergency vehicle recognition, and mitigates threats like spoofing and replay attacks. These improvements demonstrate the potential of blockchain to enhance the security, efficiency, and reliability of vehicular networks. This research contributes to the development of secure communication frameworks for IoV. It highlights the potential for future blockchain integration with edge computing, artificial intelligence, and post-quantum cryptography technologies. Such integrations are expected to further strengthen smart transportation infrastructures and advance the capabilities of next-generation intelligent mobility systems.