Integrated Photonics for Systems-on-Chip for Entangled Photon Pair Generation: Bridging Classical and Quantum Internet

The convergence of classical and quantum Internet technologies promises to revolutionize communication networks by leveraging the unique properties of quantum mechanics. Already today, several efforts on quantum key distribution, post-quantum cryptography, and systems-on-chip are paving the way for a seamless and secure quantum-classical hybrid Internet. We explore the role of integrated photonics on-chip systems that generate entangled photon pairs, a critical component for quantum communication. We review how integrated photonics and associated techniques can generate and manipulate photon pairs with the prospect of miniaturization and scalability. In addition, we discuss the challenges and solutions in integrating these quantum systems with existing classical Internet infrastructure, highlighting recent advances and future directions.