Modeling and Analysis of the Effect of Grounding and Bonding of Floating Roof Tanks on Their Performance Against the Direct Lightning Strikes

External floating roof oil tanks (FROT) may experience fires and explosions caused by natural disasters like lightning, earthquakes, storms, and heavy rains. To improve the lightning protection of FROT, the process of floating roof tanks affected by lightning is analyzed. Previous studies have extensively investigated the effects of direct and indirect lightning strokes on FROT. However, there is a lack of research on the precise impact of grounding configuration, bypass conductors, and shunts. The transmission line matrix is used to solve field problems by implementing a circuit equivalent. The primary objective of this comprehensive study is to analyze various characteristics associated with lightning strikes with a high level of detail and precision. This analysis will examine the location of the lightning strike, the configuration of the grounding system, the quantity and placement method of shunts, the number and method of connecting bypass conductors, the technical and economic evaluation of vertical ground electrodes, and the electrothermal assessment of fire risk in critical areas. The maximum amplitude of the lightning current that can strike the center of the floating roof is determined by the rolling sphere method. Next, the simulation will analyze two specific scenarios: a direct strike on the center of the floating roof and a direct strike on the upper tip of the body. The study will be based on the Heidler model, which is a widely recognized and accepted framework for understanding lightning protection. By examining these attributes, the study aims to provide valuable insights into lightning strike behavior and protection methodology.