Energy-Efficient Jammers for GNSS Signals

This paper presents an experimental analysis of the impact of various jamming signal types on the performance of modern global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers, including those for the Global Positioning System (GPS) and GLONASS. The ability to effectively disrupt GNSS signals is of growing importance in both military and civilian domains. In military scenarios, GNSS jamming supports navigation warfare (NAVWAR) operations by degrading the adversary's positioning and timing capabilities, while also enabling protection against unauthorized unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) activity. In civilian contexts, understanding jamming mechanisms is essential for developing robust mitigation techniques and securing critical infrastructure, such as air traffic control, maritime navigation, and telecommunications. The paper compares the effectiveness of several jamming waveforms, including continuous wave, binary phase shift keying (BPSK), additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), and intermittent five-carrier signals, based on measured jamming-to-signal ratios (JSRs). A novel energy-efficient jamming method is proposed, demonstrating effective GNSS disruption with reduced power requirements, making it suitable for integration into UAV-based electronic warfare systems.