3DOF-PID Controllers for Regulation of Voltage in Microgrid Pored by Hybrid Wind - PV - Battery - AE-FC

Standalone Microgrid which supplied by hybrid renewable energy sources is used for many applications and having numerous advantages. Among many, solar PV, Wind, FC, AE and battery based Microgrids can able to supply reliable power to loads under many operating conditions. All components are connected to a common dc-link and an inverter is connected between dc-link and AC load point. Voltages at dc-link and AC load point are regulated at its reference values to maintain both power quality and energy management. However, outcomes from wind and PV units are rapidly varying according to changes in the nature. Hence, an efficient control methodology must be required for improving power quality by regulating voltages at its reference points under any operating conditions including variations in the load. The surplus energy can be consumed by AE to generate hydrogen energy for utilizing to produce electric power through FC when required. A battery storage system is also incorporated to respond during transient conditions. Nevertheless, the slow dynamics of heat transfer impede the swift generation of gas, necessitating the implementation of an advanced control strategy to improve production of hydrogen amid fluctuations in renewable energy sources as well as load. Hence, 3DOF-PID controllers based novel control methodology is developed in this paper. Further, Whale inspired optimization method is developed to update parameters of 3DOF-PID controllers as well as applied to increase production of hydrogen by reducing system cost. This integration aims to maintain consistent hydrogen generation in the face of abrupt fluctuations in sunlight intensity and speed of wind. Various outcomes are presented by using MATLAB package.