A Novel High-Efficiency Multi-Source Inverter for Integrating Hybrid Energy Storage Systems in Electric Vehicle Applications

In this paper, a novel multi-source inverter (MSI) topology for hybrid energy storage systems (HESSs) in electric vehicles (EV) applications is proposed. A HESS in EV applications combines battery packs with ultracapacitors (UCs) to enhance the overall performance. This integration leverages the complementary characteristics of both technologies in which batteries provide high energy density for long-range operation, while UCs offer high power density for rapid charging and discharging during acceleration, regenerative braking, and other high-power event. The proposed topology enables the combination of all possible DC sources with fewer semiconductor components, thereby optimizing cost, weight, complexity, and power density due to the elimination of the magnetic elements from the circuit. Hence, an energy management system (EMS) is necessary to manage the energy between DC sources. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed MSI topology achieves high efficiency, and the proposed EMS can control the system properly under various operating conditions. The proposed MSI offers higher efficiency in all modes of operations up to 1.85% compared with those existing MSIs that can produce all DC source combinations. Furthermore, the proposed topology can enhance the performance and reliability of the AC side loads by utilizing multiple energy storage sources simultaneously, thus improving energy utilization and reducing the dependence on a single energy source aims to optimize energy efficiency, extend battery life, improve vehicle performance, and potentially reduce the overall size and cost if the energy storage system in EVs.